HBIM, dibujo 3D y realidad virtual aplicados a sitios arqueológicos y ruinas antiguas

[EN] Data collection, documentation and analysis of the traces of ancient ruins and archaeological sites represent an inestimable value to be handed down to future generations. Thanks to the development of new technologies in the field of computer graphics, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR) and three-dimensional (3D) digital survey, this research proposes new levels of interactivity between users and virtual environments capable of communicating the tangible and intangible values of remains of ancient ruins. In this particular field of development, 3D drawing and digital modelling are based on the application of new Scan-to-HBIM-to-VR specifications capable of transforming simple points (point clouds) into mathematical models and digital information. Thanks to the direct application of novel grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) it has been possible to go beyond the creation of complex models for heritage BIM (HBIM) and explore the creation of informative 3D representation composed by subelements (granular HBIM objects) characterized by a further level of knowledge. The value of measurement, 3D drawing and digital modelling have been investigated from the scientific point of view and oriented to the generation of a holistic model able to relate both with architects, engineers, and surveyors but also with archaeologists, restorers and virtual tourists.[ES] La captura de datos, la documentación y el análisis de los restos de las ruinas antiguas y  de  los sitios arqueológicos representan una herencia inestimabile que debe ser transferida a las generaciones futúras. Gracias al desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías en el campo de los gráficos por ordenador, el modelado de información de la construción (BIM), la realidad virtual (RV) y el levantamiento  digital tridimensional (3D), esta investigación propone nuevos niveles de interacción entre los usuarios y los entornos digitales que pueden comunicar los valores tangibiles e intangibles de los restos de las ruinas antiguas. En este particular ámbito de desarrollo, el dibujo 3D y la modelización digital se basan en la aplicación de las nuevas especificaciones escaneado-a-HBIM-a-RV, capaces de transformar puntos simples (nubes de puntos) en modelos matemáticos e informacción digital. Gracias a la aplicación directa de los GOG (grados of generación) y GOA (grados de exactitud) ha sido posible ir más allá de la creacción de los complejos BIM patrimoniales (HBIM) y explorar la creacción de representaciones 3D, formada por sub-elementos (objetos HBIM granulares) caracterizados por un mayor nivel de conocimiento. El valor de la medición, el dibujo 3D y el modelado digital ha sido investigado desde un enfoque científico y orientado a la generación de un modelo holístico capaz de relacionar tanto a arquitectos, ingenieros y aparejadores con arqueológos, restauradores y turistas virtuales.Banfi, F. (2020). HBIM, 3D drawing and virtual reality for archaeological sites and ancient ruins. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(23):16-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12416OJS16331123Alby, E., Vigouroux, E., & Elter, R. (2019). Implementation of survey and three-dimensional monitoring of archaeological excavations of the Khirbat al-Dusaq site, Jordan. 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On the asymptotic behavior of the quasi-static problem for a linear viscoelastic fluid

In this paper we study the quasi-static problem for a viscoelastic fluid by means of the concept of minimal state. This implies the use of a different free energy defined in a wider space of data. The existence and uniqueness is proved in this new space and the asymptotic decay for the problem with non vanishing supplies is obtained for a large class of memory kernels, including those presenting an exponential or polynomial decay.Comment: 6 page

BIM AUTOMATION: ADVANCED MODELING GENERATIVE PROCESS for COMPLEX STRUCTURES

The new paradigm of the complexity of modern and historic structures, which are characterised by complex forms, morphological and typological variables, is one of the greatest challenges for building information modelling (BIM). Generation of complex parametric models needs new scientific knowledge concerning new digital technologies. These elements are helpful to store a vast quantity of information during the life cycle of buildings (LCB). The latest developments of parametric applications do not provide advanced tools, resulting in time-consuming work for the generation of models. This paper presents a method capable of processing and creating complex parametric Building Information Models (BIM) with Non-Uniform to NURBS) with multiple levels of details (Mixed and ReverseLoD) based on accurate 3D photogrammetric and laser scanning surveys. Complex 3D elements are converted into parametric BIM software and finite element applications (BIM to FEA) using specific exchange formats and new modelling tools. The proposed approach has been applied to different case studies: the BIM of modern structure for the courtyard of West Block on Parliament Hill in Ottawa (Ontario) and the BIM of Masegra Castel in Sondrio (Italy), encouraging the dissemination and interaction of scientific results without losing information during the generative process

VIRTUAL ACCESS TO HERITAGE THROUGH SCIENTIFIC DRAWING, SEMANTIC MODELS AND VR-EXPERIENCE OF THE STRONGHOLD OF ARQUATA DEL TRONTO AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE

Interactive representation has proven to be an effective tool in various disciplines related to Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH). This study proposes a research method that uses interactive representation to share complex scenarios like the Stronghold of Arquata del Tronto, facilitating novel forms of heritage dissemination. The scan-to-BIM process made it possible to digitise complex structural elements damaged by the 2016 earthquake. The investigation of the complexity paradigm improved the reliability of the semantic model that supports the preservation process. Interoperability and accessibility paradigms were explored to create a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the built heritage. A web-VR platform was developed to enhance user interaction and simplify virtual environment exploration without using complex hardware (VR headset and controllers), making it possible to experience VR in the browser

The Role of Radiopharmaceuticals MIBG and (V) DMSA in the Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

The diagnostic value of 123/131I meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (MIBG) and 99mTc (V) dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was investigated in 12 patients with proven medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Scintigraphic imaging with DMSA was negalive in nine of 12 patients. Scintigraphy with MIBG was positive in only one case. In proven primary or recurrent disease, DMSA sensitivity was 50% and MIBG sensitivity was 25%. Such sensitivities become much lower in subjects wilh high calcitonin (CT) levels who have had negative surgical explorations: DMSA 17% and MIBG 0%. DMSA delected tumor in 25% of the patients and MIBG in only 8%. The positivity of these scintigraphies appears to be unrelated to carcinoembryonic antigen and CT plasma levels. Such data suggest that scintigraphies wilh MIBG and DMSA are only modestly useful in the diagnosis of MTC

A N-D VIRTUAL NOTEBOOK ABOUT THE BASILICA OF S. AMBROGIO IN MILAN: INFORMATION MODELING FOR THE COMMUNICATION OF HISTORICAL PHASES SUBTRACTION PROCESS

This essay describes the combination of 3D solutions and software techniques with traditional studies and researches in order to achieve an integrated digital documentation between performed surveys, collected data, and historical research. The approach of this study is based on the comparison of survey data with historical research, and interpretations deduced from a data cross-check between the two mentioned sources. The case study is the Basilica of S. Ambrogio in Milan, one of the greatest monuments in the city, a pillar of the Christianity and of the History of Architecture. It is characterized by a complex stratification of phases of restoration and transformation. Rediscovering the great richness of the traditional architectural notebook, which collected surveys and data, this research aims to realize a virtual notebook, based on a 3D model that supports the dissemination of the collected information. It can potentially be understandable and accessible by anyone through the development of a mobile app. The 3D model was used to explore the different historical phases, starting from the recent layers to the oldest ones, through a virtual subtraction process, following the methods of Archaeology of Architecture. Its components can be imported into parametric software and recognized both in their morphological and typological aspects. It is based on the concept of LoD and ReverseLoD in order to fit the accuracy required by each step of the research

Extended reality and informative models for the architectural heritage: from scan-to-BIM process to virtual and augmented reality

[EN] The dissemination of the tangible and intangible values of heritage building represents one of the most important objectives in the field of Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH). In recent years, different studies and research applied to heritage monuments have shown how it is possible to improve the awareness of the architectural heritage through the integration of latest developments in the field of 3D survey, 3D modelling, Building Information Modeling (BIM) and eXtended Reality (XR). On the other hand, this digital workflow requires a huge amount of data sources and a holistic approach to reach a high level of information sharing coming from different disciplines and sectors such as restoration, geomatics, 3D virtual museums and serious gaming. In conjunction with entertainment software and gaming, this research shows the main results obtained during the generative process of digital environments oriented to improve the level of information and to enrich the contents coming from the informative models. The case study is represented by one of the most important Lombard monuments: the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan. This study, starting from the 3D survey and the data collection of the historical records of the church, improves the creation of an XR experience that reaches a new level of interactivity for different types of devices (desktop, mobile, VR headset) and users (experts, non-experts).Highlights:Generative modelling requirements and novel grades of generations (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) are presented in order to improve the digitisation of built heritage from the 3D survey, reducing time and costs of the scan-to-BIM process.The holistic value of generative modelling allows experts to create digital worlds able to faithfully and accurately represent the detected reality and improve new immersive environments for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) projects.Immersive environments are created with a mixture of the latest generation software and hardware, allowing users to discover the hidden historical values of built heritage with new levels of interactivity and information.[ES] La divulgación de los valores tangibles e intangibles en el patrimonio construido representan uno de los objetivos más importantes en el campo del Patrimonio Cultural Digital (DCH). En los últimos años, diferentes estudios han demostrado la posibilidad de mejorar el conocimiento de nuestro patrimonio construido a través de la integración de los últimos desarrollos en el campo del levantamiento topográfico 3D, modelado 3D, Modelado de Información de la Construcción (BIM) y Realidad eXtendida (RX). Del mismo modo, se ha comprobado que este flujo de trabajo requiere de una gran cantidad de datos y un enfoque holístico con el fin de alcanzar un nivel alto de información compartida entre las diferentes disciplinas y sectores involucrados, como por ejemplo, la restauración, la geomática, los museos virtuales 3D y la industria del videojuego. Junto con el software de entretenimiento y los videojuegos, esta investigación muestra los principales resultados obtenidos durante el proceso de generación de entornos digitales orientados a mejorar el nivel de información y el contenido de uno de los monumentos más importantes en Lombardía: la Basílica de Sant’Ambrogio en Milán. 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